1. Crude oil is made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms…: 原油由氢和碳组合而成
“be made up of: 表示“由...构成(组成)", 强调主语由两部分以上的部分构成。
For example:
Support groups are made up of persons sharing similar situations. 援助小组往往是由一些志趣相投的人组成。
Cf: be made of: 表示“由...制成”, 指从原料到制成品, 只发生了形状变化。
The bike is made of bamboo that has been smoked and heat-treated. 这辆自行车是由热处理过的竹子制成的。
The desk is made of wood. 这张桌子是由木头制成的
Cf: be made from: 表示“由...制成”, 指从原料到制成品, 发生了质的变化。
This paper is made from wood. 这种纸是由树木制成的
These costumes are made from animal skins. 这些化妆品时由动物的皮制成的。
**但是很多情况下，人们并不刻意去区分be made of 或be made from 的使用。
2. form [fɔ:m]n.&vt.&vi.
1) n. 形式；表格
Ice, snow and steam are different forms of water. 冰、雪、蒸汽是水的不同形式。
Everybody is required to fill up three different forms. 每个人都要填三张不同的表格。
2) vt. 使成型
Children’s personalities are formed when they were very young. 孩子很小的时候，其性格就形成了。
His research formed the basis of his new book. 他的研究成果是他这本新书的基础。
3) vi. 形成
A plan began to form in his head. 一项计划在他脑子中形成。
They automatically formed into three lines. 他们自然排成了三行。
3. sink [sink]vt.&vi.&n.
1) vt.&vi.
He put the money into a plastic bag and sank it to the bottom of the water tank. 他把钱装进塑料袋并把它沉到水池子的底部。
The sun sinks every evening in the west. 太阳每天傍晚西沉。
2) n. 污水槽; 水池子
The dirty dishes are in the sink. 那些脏盘子在洗涤槽内。
4. decay [di'kei]vt.&vi.&n.衰败，使衰败
1) n. 衰败
What has caused the decay and fall of the Roman Empire? 是什么导致了罗马帝国的衰亡？
2) vi. 衰败; 变弱
Our powers decay in old age. 我们的精力随着年龄的增长在衰退。
3) vt. 使衰败；使变坏
The books had been decayed by the bad weather. 坏天气使书发霉了。
Sugar can decay your teeth in the long run. 糖能够让你的牙齿变坏。
5. drop [drɔp] n.&vt.
1) n. 滴, 微量, 落下
Two drops of water are enough for this baby. 两滴水对婴儿来说已经足够。
2) vt. 落下, 减少, 下降, 放弃
Prices are dropping. 价格在下降。
The motorist dropped his speed. 摩托车司机在减速。
They dropped the right to have their money refunded. 他们放弃了把钱找回来的权利。
6. compared to把…比作
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。
Tom was compared to her sun but quickly this sun disappeared. 汤姆被比作她的太阳，但这太阳很快就消失了。
Cf: compare with和...相比
Compare with other vehicles, a car is really the best choice. 同其他车辆相比，汽车确实很方便。
Compared with those who are suffering, we are better off. 跟那些受苦的人相比，我们过得很好了。
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